Reprogramming PD-L1 endosomal recycling and lysosomal degradation via engineered exosome-based nanocomposites overcomes immune resistance in lung cancer brain metastasis
A pH-responsive nanocomposite engineered by functionalizing brain-metastatic tumor cell-derived exosomes with RGD peptides for targeted co-delivery of verteporfin and αPD-L1 successfully remodels the intracranial immunosuppressive microenvironment and triggers potent systemic anti-tumor immunity.