Coordinated Lane-Level Variable Speed Limits and Ramp Metering for Successive Weaving Segments Considering Merging/Diverging Risks: A Hybrid Model Predictive Control and Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Approach
A hybrid framework to coordinate lane-level variable speed limits (VSLs) and ramp metering across SWSs and develops MPC-STMAPPO, a hierarchical controller integrating model predictive control (MPC) and multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), demonstrating strong potential for industrial deployment.