The role of immune effector cell dysregulation in acute and chronic liver failure and its upstream mechanism of the gut–liver axis
: Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is one of the most severe clinical syndromes in patients with chronic liver disease, particularly cirrhosis, and is associated with extremely high short-term mortality. Emerging evidence indicates that ACLF is not merely the terminal aggravation of decompensated cirrhosis, but an...