Mechanism of Hydraulic Fracture Initiation and Propagation in Deep Coal Rock with Complex Cleat Systems During Fracturing Stimulation
Deep coalbed methane (CBM) resources are abundant and represent a critical component of future energy supply and carbon reduction strategies. However, deep coal seams are characterized by well-developed cleat systems and high Poisson’s ratios, rendering the mechanisms of hydraulic fracture initiation, propagation, and...