Xiao-Tong Zhang

Association of body composition with all-cause mortality among U.S. adults with osteoporosis or osteopenia: a population-based study.

Among U.S. adults with osteopenia or osteoporosis, low muscle mass was a robust predictor of all-cause mortality, and fat mass demonstrated a nonlinear pattern with the lowest risk at intermediate levels, support incorporating muscle assessment and refined adiposity measures into risk stratification beyond BMD alone.