Xiao-Xia An

Comparison of analgesic efficacy and safety between liposomal bupivacaine and ropivacaine for paravertebral block in patients undergoing thoracoscopic lung tumor surgery: a prospective double-blind randomized controlled trial

Background Thoracoscopic lung tumor surgery is associated with significant postoperative pain. While liposomal bupivacaine (LB) provides prolonged analgesia, its higher cost and extended duration profile have not been directly compared with ropivacaine, a commonly used long‑acting local anesthetic in paravertebral bloc...