Conductive Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based Hydrogels for Wearable Electronics: Preparation Strategies, Conductivity Enhancement, and Sensing Applications
Conductive poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based hydrogels combine electrical functionality with the mechanical compliance and biocompatibility required for wearable bioelectronics. However, simultaneously achieving mechanical robustness, stable electrical conductivity, and long-term hydration stability remains challenging....