“World Literature” and the Civilizational Consciousness of Meiji Buddhism: Ashizu Jitsuzen and Genuine Philosophy of Killing and Activating Freedom
Following the Meiji Restoration, Japanese Buddhism underwent a profound transformation as it confronted the rise of State Shinto, the spread of Christianity, and the emergence of modern concepts such as “religion” “civilization” and “philosophy”. Against this background, this paper examines the concept of “world litera...