Fabrication of a novel carboxymethyl chitosan-manganese complex and its multidimensional regulatory effects on the joint microenvironment in early osteoarthritis.
The treatment of early-stage osteoarthritis (OA) remains clinically challenging, characterized by articular cartilage inflammation, cartilage damage and subchondral bone loss. Carboxymethyl chitosan-manganese (CMCMn), a novel therapeutic agent synthesized by integrating carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) with manganese (Mn),...