Review
Open access
Oct 2026
Exploring the potential role of PD-L2 in primary melanoma immunotherapy resistance: a hypothesis-driven dual-ligand framework
The treatment of melanoma has been significantly improved by immune checkpoint blockade (ICB); however, primary immune resistance, particularly in PD-L1-negative tumors and in selected treatment contexts, remains a critical efficacy bottleneck. Traditional biomarkers show clear limitations in explaining resistance...
Wen-Jing Song, Yang-Yang Tao, Xiang Ji et al.
· Frontiers in Immunology · 0 citations