Xinfu Pang

Early Prediction of Lithium-Ion Battery Remaining Useful Life Using a GWO-Optimized CNN–Transformer–BiGRU Network

Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in various energy sectors, and accurately predicting their early remaining useful life (RUL) is crucial for shortening battery evaluation time and accelerating battery commercialization. However, information on degradation during the early cycling stages of batteries is limited, an...