Modified Hu-lu-ba-wan and its active component trigonelline ameliorate diabetic renal tubular injury via enhancing PACS2-regulated mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum contacts and mitophagy.
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired mitophagy in proximal tubule epithelial cells are central to the pathogenesis of Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD). The mechanisms of Modified Hu-lu-ba-wan (MHLBW), a clinically validated herbal formula for DKD patients, remain to be explored. PURPOSE This study aimed to...