Vietnamese EFL Students’ Perceptions and Preferences for ChatGPT, Peer, and Teacher Feedback in Writing Revision
Providing effective feedback is central to the development of academic writing skills for English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners. This explanatory sequential mixed-methods study investigated Vietnamese university students’ perceptions of and preferences for ChatGPT, peer, and teacher feedback in writing revision. Questionnaire data were collected from 110 third-year English majors and followed by semi-structured interviews with 10 purposively selected participants. Descriptively, teacher feedback received the highest composite rating (M = 4.15, SD = 0.49), whereas ChatGPT feedback was valued for availability and peer feedback for collaboration. Independent-samples t-tests showed no statistically significant differences between students with prior ChatGPT experience and first-time users across the five composite scores (all p > .05). The only significant correlation was between feedback preferences and integration/future use (r = .274, p = .004). Qualitative findings showed that teacher feedback was trusted despite timeliness concerns, ChatGPT was appreciated for immediacy but questioned for complex academic tasks, and peer feedback was constrained by face-saving concerns. Most participants supported combining all three sources and requested explicit training. The findings support systematic feedback literacy instruction, culturally responsive peer-review training, and guided AI use in writing courses.