Xue-Dong Bai

Tracking Topology-Synergistic Adaptive Emergence in Non-equilibrium Silica Surface Growth on Liquid Metals

In out-of-equilibrium systems, the absence of reciprocity can induce unconventional states, phase transitions, and rich emergent behaviors with broad scientific and technological relevance. Here, we demonstrate a far-from-equilibrium surface-growth system that surpasses conventional fractal complexity and leads to un...