Open access
2026
Insights into Mother Tongue Influence in ESL Classrooms: A Comparative Empirical Analysis of Syntactic, Grammatical, and Translational Errors in Secondary School Narrative Essays
Mother tongue (L1) interference remains a central obstacle in second language (L2) acquisition within English as a Second Language (ESL) environments. This empirical qualitative study investigates the influence of Bahasa Melayu (L1) on English (L2) narrative essay writing among secondary school students in Hulu Perak,...
Kishaeen Nambiar, Y. Dass, Matthuri Palanee
· International journal of res... · 0 citations