A Real-Time Hybrid Machine Learning–Based Adaptive PID Controller for Fixed-Wing UAV Lateral Stabilization with a Unified Validation Framework
Traditional Proportional–Integral–Derivative (PID) controllers are the dominant solution for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) attitude stabilization due to their simplicity and low computational cost. However, their fixed tuning parameters limit performance under nonlinear dynamics, rapidly varying flight conditions, and...