Comparative Efficacy of Black Pepper (Piper guineense) and Neem (Azadirachta indica) Seed Extracts for Managing Armyworm (Spodoptera exempta) in Maize Varieties
African fall armyworm (AFAM), Spodoptera exempta, is a major defoliator of maize plants, causing up to 100% yield loss if control is delayed. The control of this voracious leaf feeder has relied on chemical insecticides, which have been implicated in environmental and human health hazards. There is paucity of informati...