Yair Lavi

The Maximum of $\operatorname{per}(I-A)$ in Odd Order

Let $\Omega_n$ denote the set of $n\times n$ doubly stochastic matrices. Kim and Roush conjectured in 1981 that, for $n=2k+1>1$, $ \max_{A\in\Omega_{2k+1}}\operatorname{per}(I-A)=3\cdot 2^{k-2}$. They proposed the block construction $A_\star=\frac12(J_3-I_3)\oplus P_2^{\oplus(k-1)}$, where $P_2=\begin{pmatrix}0&1\\1&0\end{pmatrix}$. Here $J_3$ is the $3\times3$ all-ones matrix. They did not claim uniqueness. We fully prove their conjecture and classify equality: the maximizers are exactly the simultaneous-permutation conjugates of $A_\star$.