A solution anode glow discharge (SAGD) was developed using either a Pt rod or gas (N2, Ar, He) jet. Taking the detection of Pb and Zn as an example, the relationship between plasma characteristics and analytical performance is clarified. The results showed that there is a significant hierarchical difference in analytical performance, namely He > Ar > N2 > Pt. This difference stems from the spatial distribution of the plasma and the efficiency of plasma energy conversion into analyte excitation rather than just the power consumption, which provides mechanistic guidance for designing next-generation miniaturized excitation sources. The helium jet-SAGD (He-SAGD) generates a spatially uniform plasma with efficient energy utilization and minimal molecular energy loss, thereby reducing the spectral interference. Compared with Pt rod-SAGD, the He-SAGD enhances the sensitivity by 8.4-10.8 times and improves the limit of detection by 9.2-11.4 times, along with good precision (RSD <2.5%), outstanding stability and strong anti-interference. The measurement results of He-SAGD for blood samples are good agreement with ICP-AES and satisfactory recovery (86.3%-112.1%). The He-SAGD features a compact device, low cost, and high precision, which has great potential for in-situ and online monitoring of trace heavy metals in complex samples.
Jie Yu, Kai Wang, Jiaqi Shi et al.· Talanta: The International J...· 0 citations
Developing hydrogels that simultaneously combine high mechanical robustness, antifreezing capability, and stable conductivity remains a substantial challenge for flexible sensing materials. Herein, we report a multifunctional conductive rotaxane-crosslinked hydrogel constructed from a γ-cyclodextrin/poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (γ-CD/PEGDA) slide-ring crosslinker embedded in a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/acrylamide (AM)/xanthan gum (XG)/Zn2+ network. The threaded crosslinker introduces movable junctions into the network, allowing stress redistribution through a pulley effect and thereby improving the mechanical performance of the hydrogel. Together with hydrogen bonding, Zn2+ coordination, and the physically crosslinked PVA network, this design generates a robust multicomponent architecture. The optimized hydrogel exhibited a tensile stress of 3.2 MPa, an elongation at break of 254%, and a toughness of 40 MJ m−3, together with high puncture resistance and cyclic stability. The hydrogel also showed a freezing point of −20.59 °C and a low equilibrium swelling ratio in water, indicating favorable antifreezing and antiswelling performance. Owing to interconnected ionic conduction pathways, the material further displayed stable ionic conductivity and reliable strain-sensing behavior over a broad strain range, with rapid response/recovery and effective monitoring of human motion and subtle physiological activities. This work provides a practical strategy for constructing mechanically robust, antifreezing, and conductive hydrogels for wearable sensing and related bioelectronic applications.
Jie Ren, Ziqiong Zhou, Wenjing Zhang et al.· Macromolecules· 0 citations
