Beyond Nitrification–Denitrification and Anammox: Can Dirammox Reshape Nitrogen Removal in Wastewater Treatment?
Distinct from conventional aerobic nitrification–denitrification, which remains the dominant biological nitrogen removal (BNR) strategy, and the anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process, the recently identified direct aerobic ammonia oxidation (Dirammox) pathway introduces a fundamentally new paradigm. Dirammox...