Preprint
Jul 2026
Incomplete Observations Boost Evolutionary Performance in Ocean Modeling
This work offers a scalable pathway for next-generation Earth system models to learn directly from sparse, incomplete real-world observations and derives an optimization framework based on the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm that enable learning directly from sparse and noisy observations.
Yangyang Kong, Yutong Jiang, Yanhai Gan et al.
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