Fusarium proliferatum is a postharvest pathogen responsible for severe rot in economically important fruits and vegetables, leading to food waste and safety concerns due to mycotoxin contamination. While the PHO signaling pathway is known to regulate phosphate homeostasis, its specific contribution to the virulence mechanisms of this foodborne pathogen remains unclear. In this study, we functionally characterized key components of the PHO pathway in F. proliferatum. Targeted deletion of PHO pathway genes (FpNuc1α, FpNuc1β, FpNuc2, FpPho80, and FpPho85) revealed their essential roles in vegetative growth, conidiation, and stress responses critical for surviving in storage environments. Transcription factor FpNuc1α is required for the full virulence of F. proliferatum. We demonstrate that FpNuc1α activity is tightly controlled by a phosphorylation switch in response to phosphate availability. Furthermore, we discovered that FpNuc1α recognizes a novel DNA motif (BSN) to directly activate FpGit1 gene, a glycerophosphodiester transporter required for full virulence. These findings uncover a specific regulatory mechnism linking phosphate sensing to the infection process of F. proliferatum, providing potential molecular targets for developing novel fungicides to control postharvest decay and ensure food safety.
Yizhou Gao, Yi-Tong Wang, Zenghui Yang et al.· Food microbiology· 0 citations
Plant‐derived essential oils are increasingly investigated as sustainable alternatives for food preservation and crop protection; however, their multifunctional applicability under postharvest conditions remains insufficiently explored. This study evaluated the integrated antimicrobial, insecticidal, and postharvest preservation potential of
Curcuma zedoaria
(Christm.) Roscoe essential oil (CZEO) of Chinese origin. GC‐MS analysis identified 22 compounds, with curcumenol (26.7%), curzerene (18.5%), β‐elemene (13.1%), and curcumenone (12.3%) as the predominant constituents, confirming a sesquiterpenoid‐dominant profile. CZEO exhibited antimicrobial activity against all tested microorganisms, with the highest susceptibility observed for
Enterococcus faecalis
and
Staphylococcus aureus
. Vapor‐phase assays performed on ginger, beetroot, apple, and strawberry matrices demonstrated concentration‐dependent inhibition of microbial growth, with the strongest activity observed on the ginger matrix. In a 14‐day storage experiment at 4°C, the combined application of CZEO and vacuum packaging most effectively reduced coliform bacteria and total viable counts in fresh ginger. MALDI‐TOF MS analysis identified 269 isolates belonging to 26 species, with dominant representation of the genus
Pseudomonas
. Combined treatment with CZEO and vacuum packaging suppressed several
Pseudomonas
species associated with postharvest spoilage. CZEO also demonstrated concentration‐dependent insecticidal activity against
Callosobruchus maculatus
and
Megabruchidius dorsalis
. Overall, this study provides an integrated experimental evaluation of CZEO across antimicrobial, insecticidal, and postharvest systems, highlighting its potential as a natural multifunctional agent for sustainable food preservation and crop protection.
Miroslava Kačániová, Minhang Qiao, J. H. Elizondo‐Luévano et al.· eFood· 0 citations
