Climate change and rapid urbanisation are intensifying the urban heat island effect, increasing thermal stress, degrading air quality, and leading to rising energy demand. Monitoring neighbourhood-scale heat requires Land Surface Temperature (LST) observations at fine spatial and temporal resolutions, yet satellite the...
R. Andriambololonaharisoamalala, Petra Helmholz, Ivana Ivánová et al.· ISPRS International Journal...· 0 citations
Soil moisture (SM) is a key parameter in surface water and energy cycles, playing a vital role in agriculture, hydrology, and atmospheric science. Remote sensing (RS) has been widely applied in SM retrieval, yet most existing reviews focus on individual data sources or specific methodologies, lacking a systematic pathw...