Robust state of charge estimation for wide-temperature-range lithium-ion batteries: integration of H∞ observer and adaptive kalman filter
The State of Charge (SOC) is required for the safe and stable operation of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles, and thus, a high-precision method for obtaining SOC by the Battery Management System (BMS) is needed. However, lithium-ion batteries have a strong non-linear characteristic over a wide temperature rang...