Review
Open access
Sep 2026
FGF23 –Klotho Axis Dysregulation in Type 4 Cardiorenal Syndrome: Molecular Mechanisms, Paediatric Perspectives, and Emerging Therapeutic Targets
Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) represents a bidirectional interplay between cardiac and renal dysfunction, but CRS cases involving paediatric patients represent only a minority of cases overall. CRS type‐4 (CRS4), a long‐term reno‐cardiac syndrome driven by chronic kidney disease (CKD), is not the most frequently reporte...
Mohammed AbuBaha, S. Aldwaik, Ahmad Nouri et al.
· Nephrology · 0 citations