Affective pathways in human–AI interaction: the formation of willingness to communicate among Chinese KFL learners in AI-mediated informal digital learning of Korean
This study examines willingness to communicate (WTC) among Chinese learners of Korean in the context of AI-mediated informal digital learning of Korean (AI-IDLK) from an affective perspective. Moving beyond the assumption that L2 confidence and anxiety function as parallel affective predictors, the study suggests that...