Approaches for Effective Microbial-Induced Carbonate Precipitation (MICP) for Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soil Bio-Remediation: A Review
Abstract Heavy metals (HMs) threaten ecosystems via food chain accumulation. Conventional passivation with cement or chemicals is constrained by environmental harm and high CO₂ emissions. Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) provides a sustainable, low-carbon solution for HM immobilization. This r...