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Yujin Choi

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Jul 2026

Multimodal Nanosheet Artificial Antibodies for Augmented Cancer Immunotherapy

Antibodies are widely employed to block the PD-1/PD-L1 immune-evasion pathway in cancer immunotherapy [1]. Nevertheless, antibody-based immune PD-L1 checkpoint blockade has often shown limited therapeutic efficacy in clinical cancer treatment. In addition, antibodies have additional limitations such as poor stability, long discovery time, and high cost [2]. Herein, we present a facile approach for creating nanosheet artificial antibodies with both PD-L1 inhibitory activity and photothermal therapeutic activity for augmented cancer immunotherapy. Tripeptides with a nitriloacetate-Cu group were spontaneously assembled on WS 2 or MoSe 2 nanosheets via coordinate bonding, producing a variety of nanosheet antibody mimics. Nanosheet artificial antibodies featuring unique tripeptide assembly phases selectively bound to PD-L1 with nanomolar affinity, thereby enabling effective inhibition of the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway. Experimental and computational outcomes revealed that the recognition selectivity of the nanosheet artificial antibodies for PD-L1 stemmed from their multivalent hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with the PD-L1 epitope. The multimodal MoSe 2 nanosheet artificial antibody effectively killed tumor cells through PD-L1 blockade combined with a photothermal therapeutic effect. The multimodal nanosheet artificial antibody-based combination immunotherapy promoted the infiltration of antitumoral immune cells into solid tumors in mice, enhancing the immunotherapeutic efficacy compared with monoclonal antibody treatment. These nanosheet artificial antibodies provide an effective therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. Reference [1] a) H. K. Binz, P. Amstutz, A. Pluckthun, Nat. Biotechnol. 2005 , 23, 1257; b) A. Ribas, J. D. Wolchok, Science , 2018 , 359 , 1350 [2] T. W. Kang, I. J. Hwang, S. Lee, S. J. Jeon, C. Choi, J. Han, Y. So, W. Son, H. Kim, C. S. Yang, J. H. Park, H. Lee, and J. H. Kim, Advanced Materials , 2021 , 2101376

Yujin Choi, Seongyeon Choi, Hyunjung Shin et al. · 0 citations
Jul 2026

Target-Specific TMD Nanosheet Antagonists for Treatment of Breast Cancer

Antibodies are widely employed as selective recognition molecules that can bind to specific target antigens in sensing and therapy. However, the conventional development and production of antibodies require time-consuming and complex high-cost procedures. In addition, their therapeutic efficacy is often limited in clinical applications. In this study, we designed a target protein-selective transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) nanosheet antagonist that exhibits strong binding affinity and intense Raman scattering signals for the treatment of breast cancer. To impart high recognition selectivity toward HER2 overexpressed on breast cancer cells to the TMD nanosheet antagonist, various types of tripeptide assemblies (TPAs) were created on the TMD surface as flexible recognition motifs. The selected TMD-TPA exhibited a strong HER2-binding affinity of approximately 0.84 nM, and the epitope binning assay and molecular dynamics simulations were performed to precisely identify the binding regions of HER2 recognized by the corresponding antagonist. Moreover, the TMD-TPA could selectively bind to HER2-positive cells, in which its strong Raman signals were observed, whereas HER2-negative cells showed the negligible signals of the TMD-TPA. The developed TMD-TPA antagonist effectively suppressed tumor growth in vitro and in vivo, thereby enhancing the therapeutic efficacy in mice models.

Yujin Choi, Sin Lee, Yoonhee So et al. · 0 citations