Nano‑titanium dioxide alters carbamazepine accumulation and aggravates gonadal toxicity and transcriptomic disruption in thick shell mussel Mytilus coruscus.
Nanoparticles and pharmaceuticals co-occur in marine environments, potentially altering pollutant exposure and increasing reproductive risks in marine organisms. This study investigated the combined effects of nano‑titanium dioxide (Nano-TiO₂) and carbamazepine (CBZ) on the gonads of the thick shell mussel Mytilus coru...