Immunometabolic Regulation of Macrophage Function in Cardio-Hepatic-Renal Comorbidities: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities.
This review examines metabolic comorbidities affecting the heart, liver and kidney. The clinical prevalence of cardiohepatorenal metabolic comorbidities associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes is substantial. Chronic low-grade inflammation serves as the fundamental pathogenic mechanism. Abnormal macrophage activati...