Engineered Extracellular Vesicles for Cartilage Regeneration: Bridging Biological Complexity to Clinical Precision
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease characterized by pain, stiffness, progressive cartilage loss, and reduced mobility. Current treatments primarily aim to relieve symptoms rather than restore damaged cartilage, and durable regeneration of native hyaline cartilage remains a major clinical challen...