Zahid Raza

Spectral properties of zero divisor graphs of commutative rings

UDC 519.17; 512.55 Let \(R\) be a commutative ring with identity \(1 \neq 0 ,\) and let \(Z(R)\) be the set of zero divisors of \(R.\) The zero divisor graph \(\Gamma(R)\) is defined as a simple graph with the set of vertices formed by nonzero divisors \(Z^{+}(R) = Z(R) \setminus \{0\}\) of the zero element of $R$ such...