Neural and Econometric Forecasting of Market Risk: A Comparative Value-at-Risk and Expected-Shortfall Analysis Across Global Equity Markets
This study evaluates whether a deep-learning volatility model improves market-risk measurement relative to established econometric benchmarks. Using daily returns for twelve developed and emerging equity indices from January 2000 to September 2026—with the KSE-100 and IMOEX series taken from the Pakistan Stock Exchange...