Ethical Governance of Open Data Across Biomedical Research, Healthcare, and Public Health: Privacy, Equity, Trust, and Controlled Access.
This narrative review synthesizes the scientific and societal rationale for greater openness with the ethical, legal, and governance constraints that shape what "open" can realistically mean in healthcare, and proposes a pragmatic ethical orientation for healthcare open data.
A. Msheik, Ruben Peralta, Zeinab Al Mokdad et al.
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