Author

Zhang Jiang

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#artificial intelligence Review Oct 2026

A rubric landscape for evaluating clinical reasoning in large language models: what exists, what is missing, and what needs to be combined

Exam-style accuracy does not establish whether large language models (LLMs) reason well over clinical records. We define clinical reasoning as integrating and updating evidence across time and sources to form, revise and justify a patient's problem representation and a defensible plan. This structured narrative review...

Zhang Jiang, Zina Ibrahim, J. Teo · 0 citations

#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

A Proposed Rubric for Evaluating Expressed Clinical Reasoning in Large Language Model Responses

We propose a rubric for assessing expressed clinical reasoning in model responses, drawing on three bodies of work: medical education assessment frameworks (ART, SCT, Key Feature Problems and OSCE); clinical LLM benchmarks (MedR-Bench, HealthBench, TIMER-Bench, DR. BENCH, PrIME-LLM and PatientSafeBench); and general LL...

Zhang Jiang, Zina Ibrahim, J. Teo · 0 citations