Modulated Gibbs Measure and Mean-Field Limit for 3D Vlasov--Poisson--Fokker--Planck Equations
We introduce a modulated Gibbs measure for the usual tensorized initial data for stochastic Newton's systems with singular repulsive interactions. Using the uniform-in-$N$ partition-function estimates of Wang--Zhao \cite{wang2026uniform}, we show that the modulated Gibbs measure and its tensorized reference are $O(N^{-...