Machine learning models integrating 2D and 3D intratumoral heterogeneity features from multi-sequence MRI: accurate prediction of perineural invasion in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Perineural invasion (PNI) occurs in the majority of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cases and is strongly associated with local recurrence, neuropathic pain, and poor survival, yet no reliable method exists for its preoperative identification. Here, we developed and externally validated a multi-sequence MRI...