Repurposing the gastroprotective agent geranylgeranylacetone for atherosclerosis: a novel role of the HSP22-Nrf2-mitochondrial axis.
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a pivotal driver of vascular endothelial injury and atherogenesis. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of geranylgeranylacetone (GGA), a clinically established gastroprotective agent, in atherosclerosis and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. Apolipoprotein E-...