Open access
Aug 2026
Grey Wolf Optimization Inverse Mix Design of Steel Slag Asphalt Mixtures
An inverse mix design framework combining machine-learning forward prediction with grey wolf optimization with laboratory validation showed the method’s feasibility, and supports sustainable pavement engineering by facilitating higher steel slag utilization, contributing to CO2 reduction and natural aggregate conservation.
Hao Song, Zhijun Wang, Yan-Huang Zheng
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