A Two-Tier Patient-Based Real-Time Quality Control Program Integrating K-Means Department Stratification and Inter-Instrument Ratios Improves Detection of Small Systematic Errors in Creatinine Testing
Background/Objectives: Patient-based real-time quality control (PBRTQC) complements traditional internal quality control. This study validates a ratio-based PBRTQC integrating department clustering with inter-instrument ratio monitoring. Methods: Creatinine data (384,730 cases, 2025) from three measuring systems (A, B,...