Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Hydrogeological–Urban Controls of Surface Deformation in Haikou, China, Revealed by PS/DS-InSAR and Spatial Attribution Analysis
Surface deformation in rapidly urbanizing coastal cities is often shaped by the interplay between hydrogeological setting and development disturbance, yet these controls remain insufficiently constrained in tropical coastal environments. Using 119 ascending Sentinel-1A scenes acquired between September 2020 and August...