Chaenomeles speciosa-derived extracellular vesicles accelerate fracture healing via orchestrating immuno-angiogenic coupling
Purpose Fracture nonunion remains a major orthopaedic challenge, and dysregulation of the bone immune microenvironment is increasingly recognized as a key pathological driver. Chaenomeles speciosa is a medicinal plant with documented anti-inflammatory properties, making it a promising candidate for immune-modulatory th...