Zi-Lu Chen

A Two-Layer Simulation-Based Optimization Framework for Coordinated Metro Rescheduling: Integrating Machine Learning Surrogates with Metaheuristics

Metro systems are prone to unplanned disruptions that can trigger cascading delays across the network, particularly when transfer stations are involved. Existing rescheduling approaches often treat the disrupted line in isolation or rely on indirect operational metrics (e.g., train delay) that fail to accurately refl...