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Ziqi Xu

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#artificial intelligence Preprint Sep 2026

The Commit-Abstain Circuit: Why Language Models Hallucinate Instead of Abstaining

Language models (LMs) often hallucinate by committing to confident answers rather than abstaining, even when they do not have enough information to answer reliably. A large body of existing work mitigates hallucination through detection or abstention mechanisms, but leaves open how models internally arrive at the decis...

Vy Nguyen, Zi-Qi Xu, Jeffrey Chan et al. · 0 citations
Book Open access Jul 2026

Mitigating Bias in Large Language Model Based Question Answering through Causal Front Door Prompting

A Causal Front Door Prompting framework (CFDP) is proposed that reduces demographic influence by intervening on the chain of thought reasoning, which is treated as an observable mediator and consistently improves fairness metrics without sacrificing QA accuracy.

Ya-Qi Yang, Zi-Qi Xu, Jie Li et al. · 1 citation
Book Open access Aug 2026

Causal Abstraction Learning for Multi-Modal Grounded Planning

Causal Abstraction Learning for Multi-Modal Grounded Planning (CALM) is proposed, a framework that enhances planning agents with the ability to discover and exploit causal regularities across tasks.

Xin-Shu Li, Shiyi Yang, Zi-Qi Xu et al. · 0 citations
Aug 2026

Self-supervised Causal Effects Estimation

Self-supervised Causal Effects Estimation is proposed, a novel framework that integrates causal priors with self-supervised learning to construct balanced and predictive representations for causal effects estimation that consistently outperforms state-of-the-art methods.

Xin-Shu Li, Shiyi Yang, Venus Haghighi et al. · 0 citations
Book Open access Aug 2026

Causal Abstraction Learning for Multi-Modal Grounded Planning

Recent advances in multimodal embodied agents have enabled long-horizon planning in visually rich environments via natural language. Yet, their generalization remains brittle when task instructions deviate from familiar examples, exposing a reliance on surface imitation rather than structural understanding. We propose...

Xinshu Li, Shiyi Yang, Ziqi Xu et al. · 0 citations
Preprint Aug 2026

The"Curse of Knowledge"in LLM Query Simulation: Concept Provenance for Tracing Answer-Side Intrusion

LLM-generated search queries are widely used to augment IR evaluation, yet they may contain concepts that presuppose answer-side document knowledge, violating the information-access boundary of pre-search users. Existing validation metrics, including overlap, diversity, and effectiveness, cannot distinguish rare human-...

Chenglong Ma, Xinye Wanyan, Danula Hettiachchi et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Aug 2026

Twin Worlds: Equivariance-Based Abstention for Evidence-Grounded Reasoning

Twin Worlds (TW), a framework for improving reliability in knowledge-intensive reasoning through equivariance-based abstention, is proposed, which identifies when answers are not reliably grounded in the provided evidence and outperforms uncertainty- and sufficiency-based baselines.

Vy Nguyen, Zi-Qi Xu, Jeffrey Chan et al. · 1 citation

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