When Lynch syndrome is not MSI-H: embryonal testicular carcinoma treated with combined BEP chemotherapy and immunotherapy despite MSS/low TMB: a case report
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated minimal activity in unselected testicular germ cell tumors (GCTs), largely due to low tumor mutational burden (TMB) and immunologically “cold” tumor microenvironments. Microsatellite instability–high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR), key predictors of response...