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artificial intelligence

20,518 papers

#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Improving Heart-Focused Medical Question Answering in LLMs via Variance-Aware Rubric Rewards with GRPO

Large language models can support medical question answering, but privacy, cost, and reliability still limit their clinical use in focused domains. Can rubric-based reinforcement learning bring a locally deployable model close to much larger systems? We study Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) for heart-focused...

Arash Ahmadi, Parisa Masnadi Khiabani, Sarah Sharif et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Plan, Watch, Recover: A Benchmark and Architectures for Proactive Procedural Assistance

Proactive multimodal assistants must decide when guidance is needed and what to say, while tracking progress through extended procedures and helping users recover when they depart from the expected plan. Progress is limited by benchmarks that score isolated clips, cover narrow domains, or omit realistic deviations. We...

Kaustav Kundu, Ritvik Shrivastava, Maxim Arap et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

NoRA: Evaluating Grounded Reasonableness in Visual First-person Normative Action Reasoning

LLMs and agentic systems are increasingly deployed in social environments, making normative competence critical for safe and appropriate behavior. However, existing approaches either assess normative judgment in text alone or reduce it to choosing among a fixed set of candidate actions. We argue both are insufficient....

Sichao Li, Sai Ma, Daniel Kilov et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Instant-Fold: In-Context Imitation Learning for Deformable Object Manipulation

Deformable object manipulation (DOM) is challenging due to high-dimensional, partially observable states that evolve through long-horizon, topology-changing interactions with multiple valid manipulation modes. We introduce Instant-Fold, an in-context imitation learning framework for DOM. Given a single human demonstrat...

Yilong Wang, Cheng Qian, Edward Johns · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Adaptive Patching Is Harder Than It Looks For Time-Series Forecasting

Adaptive patching has been proposed for time-series forecasting: allocate finer patches where the sequence looks locally informative. We compare three adaptive patching methods with tuned uniform counterparts that use one fixed patch size throughout the input, while preserving each method's backbone family and shared t...

Federico Zucchi, Yi Xie, Chao Zhang et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Economy of Minds: Emerging Multi-Agent Intelligence with Economic Interactions

How can a population of agents self-orchestrate and self-adapt into stronger collective intelligence without centralized control? Inspired by Friedrich Hayek's economic theory of decentralized coordination in markets, we study this question through an agent economy in which agents compete via auctions for the right to...

Zhenting Qi, Huangyuan Su, Ao Qu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Learning When to Translate for Multilingual Reasoning

Reasoning language models (RLMs) achieve strong performance on complex reasoning tasks, but still exhibit substantial multilingual reasoning gaps, largely due to language-understanding failures when interpreting non-English inputs. Translation into English can mitigate these failures by expressing non-English inputs in...

Deokhyung Kang, Hyounghun Kim · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

How Much Can Repeated Running Buy? A Measured Variance Ceiling for LLM Code Evaluation

A benchmark score is a measurement whose uncertainty has two sources: an aleatoric component from stochastic decoding and an epistemic component from the finite problem set. Using 16 models on 99 recent LeetCode-style problems with two prompts and five runs each (15,840 judged runs in a fully crossed design), we estima...

Yongxi Zhou, Lai Yun Choi, Jiaxi Wen et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Shape Your Body: Value Gradients for Multi-Embodiment Robot Design

We propose to turn generalist multi-embodiment value functions into reusable models for robot design. Instead of running a new reinforcement learning co-design loop for each robot, we first train an embodiment-aware policy and value function across many robot designs. After training, the frozen value function is used a...

Nico Bohlinger, Jan Peters · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Real2SAM2Real: Generative 3D Caches as Complementary Context for Video Diffusion

Video Diffusion Models (VDMs) synthesize high-quality videos, but precise camera and motion control remains challenging when large viewpoint shifts, changing occlusions, or complex dynamics reveal unseen regions. Diffusion priors alone can yield structural inconsistencies, while warped guidance can contain incomplete g...

Jiayi Wu, Haoming Cai, Cornelia Fermuller et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Hoeffding Concept Bottleneck Models with Applications to Overhead Images

Explainability of deep learning algorithms is critical for computer-vision applications with high-stakes decisions. Concept bottleneck models (CBM) have recently shown promising performance to provide explainable and accurate predictions for classification problems, based on a bottleneck of high-level concepts. Existin...

Cl\'ement B\'enard, Manon Arfib, Christophe Labreuche et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

idSCD: Identifying Training Datasets through Semantic Correlation Descriptors

Can a dataset be recognized from the spurious correlations it induces during training? We argue that datasets leave dataset-specific traces in a model's learned semantic correlation structure: incidental regularities that are predictive within a dataset, but not causal for the underlying task, can be internalized durin...

Andrada Gobeaja, Ionut Hodoroaga, Marius Leordeanu et al. · 0 citations

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