Automation can displace or complement labour, but this need not be constant across economies. Existing exposure measures typically assign fixed scores to tasks or occupations and capture cross-country variation through employment structure. We posit that exposure to automation depends jointly on task content and countr...
Search engines traditionally complement online content platforms by directing users seeking information to external websites. The emergence of generative AI search tools that summarize answers directly on the results page may disrupt this relationship by making visits to source platforms optional. We study this questio...
Peibo Zhang, Ruomeng Cui, Dennis J. Zhang· 0 citations
Looped language models (LoopLMs) increase effective computational depth by repeatedly applying shared Transformer blocks without increasing the parameter count. However, this reuse makes them particularly sensitive to post-training quantization (PTQ). We systematically study PTQ in LoopLMs and identify three sources of...
Rui Fang, Hsi-Wen Chen, Chia-Ming Cheng et al.· 0 citations
Multilingual speech translation frontends built on speech large language models typically condition on language identity, as a learned embedding or a prompted language name. Such a signal, however, is learned separately for each language and transfers nothing between typologically related languages. In this paper, we p...
Yu Pan, Tianjiao Zhang, Yang Hou et al.· 0 citations
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Concept Activation Vectors (CAV) and the Testing with CAVs (TCAV) method are fundamental tools for concept-based explainability in deep learning, yet their practical utility is limited by the variability across different samples of concept and non-concept examples. We analyze this stochastic nature of CAVs, and identif...
Ekkehard Schnoor, Jawher Said, Malik Tiomoko et al.· 0 citations
Function calling, also known as tool use, is a core capability of modern LLM agents but is typically constrained by synchronous execution semantics. Under these semantics, LLM decoding is blocked until each function call completes, resulting in increasing end-to-end latency. In this work, we introduce AsyncFC, a pure e...
Guangyu Feng, Huanzhi Mao, Prabal Dutta et al.· 0 citations
This work introduces a VLA tool-family interface that exposes explicit tool selection and in-execution progress feedback, enabling efficient event-triggered agent replanning without continuous agent polling and proposes Tool-Aligned Post-Training (TAPT), which constructs invocation-aligned training units for instructio...
Evaluating whether large vision-language models (VLMs) align with human perception for high-level semantic scene comprehension remains a challenge. Traditional white-box interpretability methods are inapplicable to closed-source architectures and passive metrics fail to isolate causal features. We introduce Counterfact...
Ziqi Wen, Parsa Madinei, Miguel P. Eckstein· 0 citations
Discrete MeanFlow is introduced, a theoretical finite-state formulation that replaces point motion with probability-mass transport and validate the identity on exact finite-state Markov chains, demonstrating that the learned kernel recovers the analytical ground truth with high precision.
Fairoz Nower Khan, Nabuat Zaman Nahim, Md Sajid Ahmed et al.· arXiv.org· 2 citations
In settings where labeled verifiable training data is the binding constraint, each checked example should be allocated to the model and reward density where it is most informative. We identify a reward-density principle: sparse sequence-level reward is most useful on models that can explore and discover better behavior...
Yuanda Xu, Hejian Sang, Zhengze Zhou et al.· 0 citations
Many reinforcement learning (RL) tasks have discrete action spaces, but most generative policy methods based on diffusion and flow matching are designed for continuous control. Meanwhile, generative policies usually rely heavily on offline datasets and offline-to online RL is itself challenging, as the policy must impr...
Fairoz Nower Khan, Nabuat Zaman Nahim, Peizhong Ju· 0 citations
Long video understanding with multimodal language models suffers from three compounding bottlenecks: heavy decode cost to obtain dense RGB frames, token growth with frame count, and weak motion perception under sparse keyframe sampling. Existing remedies either prune visual tokens after decoding, which leaves the expen...
Haopeng Jin, Wenlong Zhao, Tao Yu et al.· 0 citations