This work uses unsupervised machine learning to identify eco-provinces with corresponding uncertainty measures based on output of a global simulation of phytoplankton functional types and develops a hierarchy of explainable dense ensemble networks to infer how well the eco-provinces can be detected from modeled ocean c...
Makayla McDevitt, Maike Sonnewald, S. Dutkiewicz· 0 citations
Robert Smithson's 1970 land artwork Spiral Jetty, located in the north arm of Utah's Great Salt Lake, has alternated between submergence and exposure during severe lake decline. We analyze 1,744 co-registered Landsat 4-9 and Sentinel-2 image chips spanning every year and calendar month from 1984 to 2025. A 14-feature c...
Imbalanced labels can cause frequent samples to dominate AI-based quantitative remote sensing, degrading rare-event retrieval. In rain-rate retrieval based on satellite infrared brightness temperatures, this imbalance leads to systematic underestimation of rare high-intensity rainfall. In this study, Hurdle-Retrieval M...
Fangjian Zhang, Xiaoyong Zhuge, Wenlan Wang et al.· 0 citations
An orthogonal 4D-parallelization scheme is devised that introduces a unique domain-tensor-parallelism strategy and a novel uncertainty parallel method, enabling the potential of high-fidelity uncertainty quantification in atmospheric AI models, heralding a new era for AI-based models in climate and Earth system science...
Deifilia Kieckhefen, J. P. G. H. Muriedas, L. Heyen et al.· 0 citations
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The deployment of a geoengineering program to cool Earth's climate may be imminent. It is crucial that tools be developed to ensure that such a program would achieve its objectives while minimizing disruption. Here we exploit recently developed differentiable atmospheric models to demonstrate a novel geoengineering con...
Pulkit Dubey, Dorian S. Abbot, Ashesh Chattopadhyay· 0 citations
Recent machine learning weather prediction (MLWP) models have demonstrated remarkable forecasting skill on global reanalysis-based benchmarks. However, their performance remains unclear in challenging environments such as Northern Norway, where narrow fjords and rapidly changing weather result in highly variable local...
Si-Yan Chen, Lars Uebbing, E. Samuelsen et al.· 0 citations
Wildfires are a major producer of fine particulate matter, impacting human health and the electrical grid. Accurately forecasting smoke impacts over long time scales incorporates fuel treatment strategies, natural fuel succession, and stochastic events like lightning strikes. However, predicting smoke for each fuel dis...
Zachary Morrow, Joseph Crockett, John D. Jakeman et al.· 0 citations
Local heatwave hazard depends on fine-scale air temperature, but ground stations are sparse and reanalysis products such as ERA5 cannot resolve the terrain and land-surface contrasts that shape real heat exposure. We present a conditional diffusion emulator for high-resolution 2-m temperature downscaling, conditioned o...
Anirudh Avireddy, Manmeet Singh, Shivanshi Singh et al.· 0 citations
Stochastically perturbed weights (SPW) is at present a tuning procedure rather than a plug-and-play recipe, and its main failure mode is a coherent whole-field offset that overdisperses the domain mean, and restricting the noise to coarse scales or perturbing the initial conditions each repair part of it.
Simon Adamov, O. Fuhrer, R. Knutti et al.· 0 citations
Neptune provides compelling evidence that end-to-end data-driven ocean emulators can become a powerful component of next-generation S2S forecasting systems, emulating ocean state at high spatio-temporal resolution.
Davide Donno, I. Epicoco, M. Cafaro et al.· 0 citations
This work introduces PCSDiff, a cascaded task-decoupled diffusion framework targeting 10-day precipitation bias correction and downscaling, which achieves low-latency rolling forecasting for practical meteorological operations.
Yuze Sun, Shi-Yi Wang, Jian-Cheng Pan et al.· 0 citations
Decision-makers rely on weather forecasts to plant crops, manage wildfires, allocate water and energy, and prepare for weather extremes. Today, such forecasts enjoy unprecedented accuracy out to two weeks thanks to steady advances in physics-based dynamical models and data-driven artificial intelligence (AI) models. Ho...
Hannah Guan, S. Mouatadid, Paulo Orenstein et al.· 1 citation
For decades, a fundamental question about the difficulty of computing in high-dimensional spaces has resisted proof. New research resolves this question, removing a major theoretical obstacle to understanding the efficiency of randomized algorithms used across science and computing. The Kannan–Lovász–Simonovits (KLS) conjecture was proposed in 1995. It asks whether, for a broad class of high-dimensional […] The post Solving a 31-year-old grand challenge in mathematics – the KLS conjecture appear…
