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17,191 papers

#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Dynamic Short Convolutions Improve Transformers

Transformers have become the dominant architecture for large language models, largely due to the scalability and flexibility of attention, feed-forward layers, residual connections, and normalization. This paper introduces dynamic short convolutions as an additional neural network primitive for improving Transformers....

Oliver Sieberling, Bharat Runwal, Rameswar Panda et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Where and What to Reward? Understanding Generalization Between Verifiable and Open-Ended Domains in Reinforcement Learning

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) is widely used to improve the reasoning capability of language models, since model-generated answers can be easily verified by a rule-based verifier. In contrast, reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) is mainly used to optimize open-ended conversation wi...

Shangjian Yin, Yu Fu, Yue Dong et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Mathematical Reasoning via Intervention-Based Time-Series Causal Discovery Using LLMs as Concept Mastery Simulators

Recent methods for improving LLM mathematical reasoning, whether through MCTS-based test-time search or causal graph-guided knowledge injection, cannot identify which concepts causally contribute to a correct answer, as the observed association may be spurious, driven by confounders such as problem difficulty. We pro...

Tsuyoshi Okita · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Why Geometric Continuity Emerges in Deep Neural Networks: Residual Connections and Rotational Symmetry Breaking

Weight matrices in deep networks exhibit geometric continuity---principal singular vectors of adjacent layers point in similar directions. While this property has been widely observed, its origin remains unexplained. Through experiments on toy MLPs and small transformers, we identify two mechanisms: residual connection...

Kyungwon Jeong, Won-Gi Paeng, Honggyo Suh · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

SATFormer: Learning When to Use Early Value Residuals in Transformers

Recent Transformer architectures expose later layers to representations computed in earlier layers, motivated by the observation that low-level features can become harder to recover as the residual stream is transformed through depth. One such method adds static value residuals: learned mixing coefficients that expose...

Skye Gunasekaran, T\'ea Wright, Rui-Jie Zhu et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Improving the Performance of Compressed Transformers with Post-Hoc Embedding Alignment

Model compression is necessary for deployment of transformer models in resource-constrained environments. However, compression reduces the performance of transformer models on downstream tasks. Existing solutions such as Knowledge Distillation (KD) and Parameter Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) have their own limitations....

Rohit Raj Rai, Abhishek Dhaka, Amit Awekar · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

GraphDancer: Training LLMs to Explore and Reason over Graphs via Curriculum Reinforcement Learning

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly rely on external knowledge to improve factuality, yet many knowledge sources on the Web, such as scholarly indexes and product catalogs, are organized as heterogeneous graphs. Reasoning over such graph-structured knowledge poses two key challenges: (1) navigating structured, sc...

Yuyang Bai, Zhuofeng Li, Ping Nie et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Fast KVzip: Efficient and Accurate LLM Inference with Gated KV Eviction

Efficient key-value (KV) cache management is crucial for the practical deployment of large language models (LLMs), yet existing compression techniques often incur a trade-off between performance degradation and computational overhead. We propose a novel gating-based KV cache eviction method for frozen-weight LLMs that...

Jang-Hyun Kim, Dongyoon Han, Sangdoo Yun · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Navigating Ideation Space: Decomposed Conceptual Representations for Positioning Scientific Ideas

Scientific discovery requires new ideas to be situated within an ever-expanding landscape of existing knowledge. An emerging challenge is how to identify conceptually relevant prior work from rapidly growing literature, and assess how a new idea differentiates from existing research. Current embedding approaches typica...

Minqian Liu, Yuexi Shen, Dawei Zhou et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Evolving Language Models without Labels: Majority Drives Selection, Novelty Promotes Variation

Large language models (LLMs) can improve through reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR), but many settings lack reference answers or external verifiers. Label-free self-improvement instead constructs training signals from the model's own outputs. Because the same policy generates both the candidate respo...

Yujun Zhou, Zhenwen Liang, Haolin Liu et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Budgeted Prompt-Set Expansion and Refinement for Language Models via Simulation Optimization

A prompt is an instruction or description provided by the user to guide a generative language model toward outputs that meet application requirements. When these requirements change, existing prompts may need to be adapted and improved. Evaluating candidate prompts requires time and computational resources. We therefor...

Haoting Zhang, Jinghai He, Rhonda Righter et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

CoinRAG: Contextualized Information Nugget KV Cache Reuse for Long-Context RAG

Recent optimization studies on Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) have exploited chunk-level KV cache reuse to avoid processing long retrieved contexts for higher efficiency, while significant information redundancy and noise still remain in the coarse-grained chunks. This paper optimizes the Pareto frontier under lo...

Gyuwan Kim, Cheoneum Park, Tao Yang · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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Microsoft Research Blog Nov 3, 2026

Learn the rules: The hacker mindset

Research Manager Mike Walker reflects on a career spanning hacker culture, cybersecurity, and AI, sharing lessons about trust, teamwork, leadership, and why solving difficult problems requires curiosity, judgment, agility—and an understanding of the rules. The post Learn the rules: The hacker mindset appeared first on Microsoft Research.

Google DeepMind Blog Nov 3, 2026

Agentic cheminformatics with Google Antigravity

Learn how Google Antigravity and our Cheminformatics Skills accelerate drug discovery workflows, search compounds, and propose novel rigidified macrocycles.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 28, 2026

Making machines that can listen

Professor Paris Smaragdis develops computers with superhuman hearing for applications like speech recognition, music understanding, and environmental monitoring.

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