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17,191 papers

#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Deep Generative Models for Phylogenetic Inference with Complex Evolutionary Processes

Inference of phylogenetic trees from sequences plays a central role in understanding evolutionary relationships, with applications ranging from tracking pathogen spread to reconstructing the history of life. Conventionally, practitioners obtain posteriors over trees using likelihood-based methods like MCMC. However, li...

Ethan Baron, Alan N. Amin, Andrew Gordon Wilson · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

What Information Buys in Active Inference

Information-theoretic exploration is of primary interest in methodological studies of reinforcement learning (RL) and computational cognitive neuroscience, while the established RL theory builds regret guarantees on confidence sets. This situation leaves open the conditions under which the information-driven exploratio...

Melih Kandemir, Mustafa Mert \c{C}elikok · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Graph Coarsening Enables Escaping Local Optima in Compute-Constrained Nonconvex MAX-CUT

Because its binary optimization landscape contains exponentially many local optima, MAX-CUT is highly sensitive to initialization. We study Particle Polynomial Relaxation (PPR), a moment-based nonconvex continuous reformulation possessing an advantageous optimization landscape. We warm-start PPR with Combinatorial Mult...

M. Harper Langston, Pierre-David Letourneau, Dalton Jones et al. · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Loss Curvature as a Sampling-Free Proxy for Memorization in Diffusion Models

Understanding the mechanism behind why diffusion models memorize their training data remains an open question in generative modeling. In this paper, we examine this question from two perspectives: (a) the model-level perspective concerning the onset of memorization in a model during training, and (b) the sample-level p...

Shashank Sule, Xinyue Yu, Boonam Shin et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Tracing Morphology, Semantics, and Divergence in Language Acquisition

Understanding the dynamics of language acquisition in Large Language Models (LLMs) is crucial for uncovering how statistical representations evolve into structured linguistic capabilities. However, most existing studies focus primarily on fully trained models, leaving the developmental trajectory across intermediate tr...

Forough Shirin Abkenar, Haoshuo Fu, Liang Feng et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

Lag: A Mean-Field Optimal Policy for Online Assignment with Reusable Resources

We study online task assignment with reusable resources. This problem arises in peer reviewer assignment, skill-based call routing, rideshare matching, emergency dispatch, and crowdsourcing: Tasks arrive according to a geometric process and must be immediately assigned to servers that become temporarily busy, yielding...

Keerthana Gurushankar · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Who Should We Listen to More? Welfare-Aware Preference Acquisition for Pluralistic Alignment

Welfare-Aware Preference Acquisition (WAPA) uses auxiliary reference models to estimate query gains and individual utilities, then selects queries by estimated marginal welfare gain while updating recipient utilities, and it is proved exact optimality of the acquisition algorithm for the estimated welfare objective und...

Ruo-Meng Ding, Tian-Wei Gao, Lian-Rui Geng et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

How Many Ranks Does a Token Need? A Noise-Floor Squelch for Rank-One LoRA Experts

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) applies every rank-one component of its update to every token, and mixture-of-experts variants replace this with a learned router that activates a fixed number of components. We argue that the number of components a token needs is a detection question with a classical answer. A token's respon...

Mei Okonkwo, Owen Castellanos, Ingrid Solberg et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Open access Oct 2026

IR-PRM+ with Previous-Utility Prediction: Constant Regret and Best-Iterate Convergence

Regret matching (and its variants) and counterfactual regret minimization are central algorithms in practice for normal-form and extensive-form game solving. Yet these have historically lacked the stronger theoretical convergence guarantees available to optimistic and extra-gradient methods. Recent work introduced IREG...

Michael Sullins, Ian A. Kash · 0 citations
#artificial intelligence Preprint Oct 2026

Scaling Cheap Synthetic Pretraining Improves Indoor Radio-Map Prediction

Real measurements are too limited to train an accurate indoor pathloss predictor that works across a wide range of buildings. Large-scale synthetic pretraining offers a way forward, but real building layouts are also scarce, and accurate ray-tracing simulators are slow, expensive, and often proprietary. We address both...

K. Petrosyan, Artashes Mkrtchyan, R. Mkrtchyan et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

Data Density Scaling Laws for Image Self-Distillation

This work proposes a modified version of a Chinchilla-style scaling law that explicitly accounts for two factors: the number of unique samples and repetition per sample, which provides a framework for understanding data-compute trade-offs and improves prediction in some regimes where repetition plays a central role.

Alvard Barseghyan, Ani Vanyan, H. Tamazyan et al. · 0 citations
#machine learning Preprint Oct 2026

PMO-Dock: Benchmarking Docking, Specificity, and Generalization in Molecular Optimization

The Practical Molecular Optimization (PMO) benchmark standardized evaluation in molecular optimization, but it is built on simple property-based oracles that do not capture structure-based drug design. As the field has moved to docking-based objectives, evaluation practice has become unstandardized, and different metho...

G. Simonyan, T. Abrahamyan, N. Abelyan et al. · 0 citations

From tech blogs

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Microsoft Research Blog Nov 3, 2026

Learn the rules: The hacker mindset

Research Manager Mike Walker reflects on a career spanning hacker culture, cybersecurity, and AI, sharing lessons about trust, teamwork, leadership, and why solving difficult problems requires curiosity, judgment, agility—and an understanding of the rules. The post Learn the rules: The hacker mindset appeared first on Microsoft Research.

Google DeepMind Blog Nov 3, 2026

Agentic cheminformatics with Google Antigravity

Learn how Google Antigravity and our Cheminformatics Skills accelerate drug discovery workflows, search compounds, and propose novel rigidified macrocycles.

MIT News · Artificial Intelligence Oct 28, 2026

Making machines that can listen

Professor Paris Smaragdis develops computers with superhuman hearing for applications like speech recognition, music understanding, and environmental monitoring.

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